There are few individuals who continue to be as widely discussed as John F. Kennedy. He received both support and criticism during his tenure as president. He was undoubtedly a controversial figure during his era, as he assumed the presidency during one of the most turbulent periods in American h...

The French government signed an armistice with Germany in mid-1940, which was effective from June 22nd onward, following the fall of France. This would, as the French hoped, put an end to the regional conflict in France and restore a measure of security. England, which had by this time withdrawn ...

The Spanish Civil War, erupting in July 1936, was a ferocious conflict that claimed over half a million lives and reshaped Spain for decades. For nearly three years, the leftist Second Republic battled a right-wing Nationalist uprising led by General Francisco Franco. More than a domestic strugg...

Dr Arnold Toynbee, the great 20th Century historian, observed that the breakdown and eventual disintegration of civilizations, for the most part, follow a common pattern. The ruling class, who once were able to creatively respond to challenges on behalf of the masses, lose their ability to inspir...

The concept of brainwashing is often discussed, but rarely understood. Originating from the Chinese term Xinao, which literally means ‘wash brain’, the word first entered circulation in the west in the 1950s. However, to this day, few understand the origins of brainwashing, and to what purpose it...

There have been an incredible number of wars, genocides, conquests and natural disasters that have killed a staggering number of people throughout human history. Conquests and genocides can often be accompanied by disease and starvation and number of fatalities can be difficult to ascertain. Ther...

The Tsar Bomba, a Soviet nuclear bomb code named “Ivan”, was the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. The testing of this bomb would be the Soviet’s declaration of nuclear competence to the United States, which held superiority over the USSR in the nuclear weapons race.
In order ...